Whether individual tastes travel exclusively along dedicated pathways or are encoded to allow multiple taste signals to travel through shared nerves is an active argument within science that is still unresolved. This is not just an academic question. The nature of these connections determine the kinds of sensations we perceive.
I was involved for a couple of years with a group that was trying to put some logic and science into the often fuzzy thinking around beer and food pairing. I think we made some progress, but one of the things we knew we needed was a literature search. This meant combing through a ton of scientific papers to look for proven interactions, which was not an easy task, since they tended to be buried in research about particular receptors and other biological systems.
It’s obvious that we human beings are all pretty different from one another—in appearance, experience, attitude, gender, and countless other attributes. Each of us has things that come effortlessly and others at which we struggle. It goes without saying that these differences affect our abilities as tasters. But how, exactly?